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Theory tells us to build applications out of small, interchangeable objects but reality often supplies the exact opposite. Many apps contain huge classes of long methods and hair-raising conditionals; they're hard to understand, difficult to reuse and costly to change. This talk takes an ugly section of conditional code and converts it into a few simple objects. It bridges the gap between OO theory and practice and teaches straightforward strategies that all can use to improve their code. Sandi Metz, author of "Practical Object-Oriented Design in Ruby", believes in simple code and straightforward explanations. She prefers working software, practical solutions and lengthy bicycle trips (not necessarily in that order) and consults and teaches on all things OOP. Help us caption & translate this video! http://amara.org/v/FG0O/
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In the talk titled 'All the Little Things,' Sandi Metz addresses the common pitfalls of writing object-oriented code which often leads to complex and difficult-to-maintain applications. The primary focus is on simplifying code by advocating for smaller and more manageable classes, methods, and objects. Metz emphasizes that while theory suggests that applications should be built from small, interchangeable objects, the practical reality often results in large, unwieldy classes filled with extensive conditionals that complicate code understanding and modification. Key points discussed throughout the video include: - **The Issue with Conditionals**: Metz highlights the problem of complex conditional statements in code, which can be detrimental to maintainability and understanding. - **Refactoring Example**: She uses the well-known Gilded Rose kata as a case study, illustrating how an intricate 43-line conditional statement can be refactored into simple objects by recognizing patterns and breaking down functions. - **Making Code Smaller**: The crux of Metz’s advice is to create smaller objects and classes that interact in a well-defined manner while minimizing dependencies. - **The Squint Test**: Introduced as a heuristic to identify problematic code, this test focuses on the shape and color of code blocks to assess complexity visually. - **Iterative Refactoring Process**: Metz walks through an iterative refactoring approach—starting with the most complex part of the code, simplifying it, and creating a clearer structure that emphasizes individual class responsibilities. - **Open-Closed Principle**: A vital principle introduced is that code should be open for extension but closed for modification, enabling developers to add new behavior without altering existing code. - **Trusting Object-Oriented Design**: Metz encourages viewers to trust the principles of object-oriented design to guide their refactoring choices, emphasizing that understanding those principles allows developers to navigate through the potential complexity of intermediate refactoring changes. - **Conclusion and Actions**: The session concludes with a call to embrace small objects and a systematic approach to code organization, ultimately advocating for the long-term benefits of clear and manageable code. Overall, Metz’s talk serves as a valuable guide for developers seeking to improve code quality and maintainability by following sound object-oriented principles and practices.
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