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In his talk at RubyConf AU 2023, Geoffrey Donaldson addresses the challenges of delivering performant web applications using modern technologies across Australia's varied internet infrastructure, particularly in rural areas where the National Broadband Network (NBN) covers a wide spectrum of speeds and reliability. Key points from the presentation include:

- **The Importance of Tool Selection:** Choosing the right technology for the environment is crucial, especially when dealing with the internet limitations faced in remote regions.
- **Understanding the NBN's Structure:** Donaldson outlines the NBN's three components: wired infrastructure, fixed wireless, and satellite options like Sky Muster. He highlights the issues with latency, particularly the impact of satellite connections, which can add significant delays to user interactions.
- **Real-World Application Examples:** At Black Box Co., Donaldson's team develops applications that analyze large datasets for Australian farmers, showcasing the need for efficient data handling to create interactive dashboards in bandwidth-limited areas.
- **Techniques for Overcoming Limitations:** Donaldson discusses various strategies to ensure application performance despite latency and limited bandwidth, including:
  - Using formats like MessagePack to reduce payload sizes.
  - Implementing effective caching strategies with e-tags to prevent repetitive data transfers.
  - Utilizing service workers for offline capabilities and optimizing network calls.
- **User Experience Focus:** Throughout the development process, the emphasis remains on user experience. Donaldson shares the importance of tailoring applications to meet the specific needs of farmers who may face unique tech challenges.
- **Call for Caution with New Tools:** He advises developers to be mindful of the latest technologies, ensuring that they do not compromise on user accessibility or performance.

In conclusion, Donaldson emphasizes the need for resilience in application design, particularly in rural areas where internet performance can be inconsistent. By optimizing for these environments, developers can enhance overall user experience, making their applications more effective for all users, urban and rural alike.

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