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The next speaker is Colby Swandale.
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This is Mr. Colby Swandale, and the title of his talk is 'Bundler 2.'
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Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for coming to my talk.
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I wanted to share some progress that the Bundler core team has been making over the past year and discuss the future of Bundler with the upcoming release.
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My name is Colby, and I am from Melbourne, Australia. I'm currently serving on the Bundler core team.
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I'm also the newest member, having joined earlier this year. I work at a company in Melbourne called Marketplace.
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We're a tailor-made eCommerce platform for businesses, and I would not be here today without their support. So, thank you very much for letting me be here.
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Before diving into Bundler 2, I'd like to highlight some new features that have been added to Bundler over the past 12 months, both from the core team and contributors.
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One new command is 'bundler doctor,' which helps diagnose problems with gem installations.
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We have plans to extend this feature further, and currently, there is a pull request in progress where Bundler Doctor will check the file permissions of your installed gems and report any possible issues.
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Another new command is 'bundle add,' which allows you to add a gem to your Gemfile without having to edit the Gemfile directly.
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For example, I have a Gemfile here that lists only Rack. By using 'bundle add,' I can insert a gem, such as 'rspec,' into my Gemfile, and then Bundler will automatically install 'rspec' for me.
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Bundler will append the given gem to the Gemfile accordingly.
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Additionally, 'bundle add' will allow you to specify options such as version constraints, sources, and groups.
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Another significant feature that has been introduced recently is Bundler plugins. These allow you to extend the behavior of Bundler without making changes to the source code.
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There are two types of plugins: command plugins and hook plugins. Command plugins let you add your own commands to Bundler, while hook plugins allow you to hook into Bundler events, such as when installing gems.
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Here's a quick example of a command plugin. A plugin is similar to a regular gem but includes a special file called 'plugin.rb,' where you define the Bundler command you wish to add. In this example, we create a new class that inherits from the Bundler API to close a new command and implement a command action method. For this example, we would just print out 'Hello, World!' You can invoke this command from Bundler.
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Hook plugins allow you to add behavior to the Bundler lifecycle, such as during gem installations. Using the Bundler plugin API, you can set up a new hook for the 'before_install' event and define additional behavior.
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When plugins are installed via the plugin command, they connect to the specified events and can perform their defined actions.
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Plugins can also be specified in the Gemfile using the 'plugin' method.
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Bundler plugins are a relatively new feature, and there is still plenty of work to be done. If you're interested in contributing to the Bundler project, I recommend checking out the documentation.
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We’ve also been working on fixing a variety of issues in Bundler, such as addressing file permission problems and resolving various bugs. We've been improving error messages as well, adding messages that provide more context about issues that occur. Our goal is to make these messages more user-friendly and easier to understand.
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Thanks to the contributions from both the core team and contributors—some of whom are present here—Bundler is undergoing significant optimizations. This includes enhancements in the resolver, resulting in faster resolution times for gem installations.
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Although we have made progress, we still have ideas for improving resolver speed and overall performance.
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In the near future, the core team plans to release the next version of Bundler, 1.16. This will likely be the last feature release for Bundler 1. I recommend upgrading to it before we transition to Bundler 2.
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Bundler 1.0 was originally released back in August 2010, and since then, the Bundler core team has made numerous improvements to user experience by introducing new features while refining existing functionality.
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However, some decisions made back then are no longer relevant, and technical debt has gradually crept into the codebase.
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With the upcoming major release of Bundler, we will introduce several changes aimed at addressing these issues.
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Let’s take a look at what is being removed, added, and changed in Bundler 2.
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Many removals are happening in Bundler 2. As I mentioned, Bundler will focus mainly on fixing issues and removing features that have become obsolete.
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One major change is the dropping of support for older Ruby versions. Bundler 1 currently supports Ruby 1.8.7, but with Bundler 2, we will remove support for all Ruby versions that are no longer maintained by the Ruby core team.
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This includes all major Ruby versions up to 2.3.
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Another thing we are removing from Bundler is the integrations for Capistrano and other deployment tools, as there are already libraries available that provide this functionality.
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Furthermore, we will be removing Gemfile shortcuts for lesser-known platforms that are no longer in existence, as they only route requests to rubygems.org.
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With Bundler 2, we’ll rely on existing source helpers instead of maintain shortcuts that are now obsolete.
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For example, if you've generated a new Bundler Gemfile, you may have noticed a snippet at the top to pull dependencies from GitHub using HTTP.
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In Bundler 1, using the GitHub helper directly pulls from GitHub over plain HTTP. You can continue using this helper in Bundler 2, but all other services will be removed.
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Lastly, we've removed the ability to specify a list of gems that come from GitHub directly; users are encouraged to use the source block instead.
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The 'bundle show' command, which is currently overloaded with three different behaviors, will be replaced by 'bundle info' and 'bundle list.'
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In Bundler 1, if you run 'bundle show' without arguments, it lists all gems with their versions, but this can be confusing.
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We are moving forward with 'bundle list' to list your gems and 'bundle info' to provide detailed information about a specific gem.
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Bundler viz, a tool for graphing dependencies, will also be removed from the source code and will instead be transformed into its own gem that will utilize the Bundler plugin API.
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Although this gem is not currently developed, it will become available with future Bundler 2 releases.
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The command 'bundle console,' which starts an IRB session with your gems loaded, will also be removed from the core.
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There are currently no replacement plans, but it could be converted into a Bundler plugin.
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Additionally, Bundler 1 currently persists certain options when you run 'bundle install,' but we will be removing this feature in Bundler 2.
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Users will need to specify arguments each time they install. This change aims to reduce confusion for new users.
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We will also no longer support certain command line options which will now be configured through the Bundler config.
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This applies particularly for settings used in CI or production environments, as we found these to often confuse users.
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We're removing the implementation of 'bundler cache' environment variables and will refocus on 'bundler package,' which is an efficient way to package gems.
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The Bundler package will now be considered an improved implementation, and for those unfamiliar, it allows you to export gems into a folder for deployment.
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Additionally, Bundler is being built with a more efficient global gem extension feature, which allows for switching between Ruby versions without reinstalling gems.
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The specific platform feature will also be introduced, enabling Bundler to consider the platform of your machine during the resolve process.
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This feature accounts for the operating system, version, and architecture, ensuring gems are resolved correctly for the user's environment.
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In Bundler 1, if you run 'bundle install' with gems that contain extensions, it typically resolves using a generic Ruby platform.
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With Bundler 2, it will match the platform specifics, resolving to the best available gem for that environment.
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This improvement allows for smoother operating across different machines without the need to constantly compile extensions.
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In terms of changes in Bundler 2, the default command when you issue a command without arguments will change from aliasing 'bundle install' to just displaying available commands.
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Users will have to use the 'update' command with the '-all' flag to update all gems if they choose to do so.
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Overall, Bundler 2 is a significant upgrade. Further details will be rolled out in our detailed RFC, which I have set up on GitHub as Bundler RFCs, pull number six.
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We want the transition to Bundler 2 to be as seamless as possible, and we appreciate your help in testing beta versions.
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People testing these beta versions will help us identify scenarios we may not have considered as we develop new features.
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For context, nearly everyone in this room has contributed to the code that will appear in Bundler 2.
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Bundler 2 features include flags to enable or disable specific functionality.
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Feature flags will enable specific functionalities, while errors will be printed to standard error instead of standard output.
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In short, all feature flags will be set to true by default. If you prefer, you can opt out of using these feature flags, but you'll need to wait for us to release our preview version.
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It's important to note that Bundler is not backward compatible with Bundler 1.
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Once you use Bundler 2, you cannot revert to Bundler 1. So make sure to coordinate with your team for a smooth transition.
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In wrapping up this presentation, I'd like to mention future plans. We aim to make major releases more frequently, similar to the Ruby release schedule.
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This will allow us to drop support for obsolete Ruby versions while implementing significant improvements that have been long awaited.
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Bundler will also start shipping with Ruby, beginning with Ruby 2.5, which we are quite excited about.
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If you'd like to contact me, you can find me on Twitter @0xColby or via my GitHub where I have additional resources available.
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We also have a Slack channel welcoming anyone who wants to join; you can receive an invite at slack.bundler.io.
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Feel free to ask questions or raise issues on GitHub about Bundler. We have extensive documentation available for further assistance.
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If you're interested in contributing, our GitHub repository has some of the best guidelines on how to get involved.
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We welcome contributions from everyone, regardless of experience, and are happy to help newcomers.
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Another way to support the Bundler project is through funding development via Ruby Together, which helps sustain work on the Ruby ecosystem.
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Thank you for your time.
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Are there any questions?
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I may have missed this, but I noticed some slides used the Bundler command and others referred to 'bundle.' Is there a difference?
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'Bundle' is the actual command, while 'bundler' is just a shorthand for referring to it; it's a personal preference.
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For the Ruby platform, can any platform that implements Ruby work? You mentioned it's a required field.
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Yes, the platform is a required field for any gem, which by default is set to the Ruby platform.
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For JRuby, do you have to specify that it's a Java platform?
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Unless there are special Java dependencies, a gem file intended for MRI Ruby can generally run on JRuby without problems.
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This transition is designed to be seamless.
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What Ruby version will Bundler ship with, especially alongside Ruby 2.5?
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The upcoming release will be Bundler 1.15, but the pre-release version of Bundler 2 is coming soon.
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We anticipate that Bundler 2 will significantly bridge the gap with Ruby 2.5.
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One last concern is the potential changes to the Gemfile, particularly regarding uppercase naming conventions.
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Nothing substantial is changing. Bundler will still support both the capitalized Gemfile and the lowercased gems.rb.
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However, if both are present, Bundler will prefer gems.rb.
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There are no plans to deprecate or remove either file type.
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Thank you for clarifying that.
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If everyone starts using Bundler 2, how will that affect backward compatibility?
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Bundler 2 will understand Bundler 1 lock files, but the reverse will not be true.
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So, deploying to a platform like Heroku may need some caution.
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If deploying with Bundler 2, it can prompt unintended changes to the lock file.
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We'll need to keep these nuances in mind for seamless transitions.
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Thank you for sharing your thoughts.
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Are there any further questions before we conclude?
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I commend you on your decisions regarding earlier Ruby version support.
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The core team has not faced much opposition regarding this removal.
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Also, Bundler will keep supporting legacy versions as needed.
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This adjustment aims to reduce code complexity and technical debt.
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Thank you so much for your attention.
