In his keynote address at RailsConf 2017, Aaron Patterson discusses a variety of topics centered around the Ruby on Rails community, programming practices, and humorous anecdotes from his career. Notably, he reflects on his extensive experience in programming, particularly with Ruby and Rails, and presents concepts related to technical debt, modern web protocols, and community engagement.

Key Points Discussed in the Talk:
- Introduction to Aaron Patterson: Aaron introduces himself and shares some personal details, including his long-standing involvement with the Ruby and Rails communities.
- Critique of Hacker News: He humorously addresses criticisms surrounding Hacker News and comments on the absurdity of certain online discussions, showcasing his love for reading and analyzing the comments.
- Anecdote about Ruby Development: Aaron recounts his first Ruby program written in 2003 to secure movie tickets for the release of "The Lord of the Rings: Return of the King," which he executed while his code was compiling in another environment. This tale highlights the challenges faced in early web development.
- Technical Debt Discussion: He elaborates on the issue of technical debt within the Ruby community, proposing a meta gem that could package gems with technical debt and interact with younger programming communities to enhance code quality.
- Introduction to HTTP/2: Patterson explains advancements in web technologies such as HTTP/2 and the mechanisms behind pushing resources from servers to clients to reduce load times.
- Convolution and Signal Analysis: Delving into more advanced topics, he discusses the importance of convolution in analyzing digital signals and shares insights on improving code efficiency for data processing.
- Humorous Take on Programming Languages: He jokingly mentions the challenges of learning various programming languages, and his desire to master the minimum to earn endorsements on platforms like LinkedIn.

Throughout the talk, Patterson employs a mix of light-hearted jokes and solid technical knowledge, making his presentation both entertaining and informative. He concludes with practical advice regarding the challenges of scaling applications and emphasizes the continuous growth and adaptation needed within the programming community, reiterating that "it's very hard to make [a programming framework] scale." This encapsulates his call to engage with the technical challenges facing developers today.

Overall, Patterson's keynote is a blend of technical insight, personal experience, and humor, appealing to both new and seasoned developers in the audience.