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Rocky Mountain Ruby 2023 - Let’s Extract a Class: The Single Responsibility Principle and Design Patterns by Jon Evans We’ll talk about going beyond “fat model, skinny controller” and the importance of following the Single Responsibility Principle. Several common design patterns will be discussed, but the emphasis will be on the importance of encapsulating your logic in whatever way you choose that makes the code readable and maintainable. Finally, how do you get your team on board?
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This video, titled "Let’s Extract a Class: The Single Responsibility Principle and Design Patterns," presented by Jon Evans at the Rocky Mountain Ruby 2023 event, focuses on the importance of the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) in software design and code organization. The talk emphasizes how SRP aids in creating readable, maintainable code and discusses various design patterns that help encapsulate logic more efficiently rather than accumulating responsibilities in models or controllers. Key points discussed include: - **Rails Application Structure**: The default MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture in Rails is introduced, which serves as a foundation but can become complex as applications scale. - **Controller Responsibilities**: The initial method for user sign-up within a controller is presented, but as business needs change (e.g., requiring email confirmations), this leads to an unwieldy controller structure if modifications are made directly within it. - **Extracting Logic**: The concept of extracting logic out of models and controllers to facilitate maintainability is critical. - **Example of User Signup**: An example is provided where user sign-up logic is extracted into a 'UserSigner' class, centralizing the user creation and email confirmation functionalities away from the controller and model. - **Single Responsibility Principle**: SRP is highlighted as ensuring that classes should only have one reason to change, thus promoting better maintainability and testing ease. - **Design Patterns**: Various design patterns are reviewed to give structure to code and make it more manageable. These include: - **Presenters/Decorators**: To isolate presentation logic from models. - **Form Objects**: For handling complex forms with multiple attributes. - **Service Objects**: To encapsulate business logic, ensuring reusability and clarity in code. - **Policy and Query Objects**: To manage access control and complex database queries while promoting better visibility and clarity in code. - **Value Objects**: For explicit data handling which improves readability. - **Repositories**: To provide a structured way of retrieving and managing data access. - **Implementing Change in Teams**: Evans discusses how to introduce new patterns or changes within a team environment, suggesting clarity in motivation and creating tangible evidence of proposed changes, such as proofs of concept and architectural decision records (ADRs) to document discussions and decisions. ### Conclusion: The emphasis throughout the talk is on the importance of encapsulating logic into distinct classes to enhance readability, maintainability, and testability. A strong understanding of design patterns, adherence to SRP, and collaborative practices within teams are vital for achieving effective software architecture.
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