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In this lightning talk at Ruby Unconf 2019, Pratvrirash discusses how to effectively utilize PG Hero to monitor and optimize PostgreSQL database performance. The presentation begins with an introduction to Postgres and the problems many developers encounter when monitoring their instances for slow queries and errors. Pratvrirash shares experiences from his work at Big Binary, detailing a case study of a transport management system client in the USA that faced performance issues due to slow queries.

Key points discussed during the talk include:
- **Introduction to PG Hero**: A tool that allows easy monitoring of PostgreSQL queries and database performance by simply adding it to a Gemfile and installing it.
- **Dashboard Features**: PG Hero's dashboard highlights critical metrics such as slow indexes, duplicate indexes, and invalid indexes, emphasizing the importance of identifying these issues to maintain optimal database performance.
- **Index Management**: The talk discusses how duplicate indexes can lead to performance bottlenecks, specifically affecting write throughput. PG Hero assists in suggesting necessary index migrations to improve query performance.
- **Monitoring Queries**: The live demo of PG Hero showcases how it tracks query statistics, including execution times and their impact on database resources, enabling users to take informed actions based on real-time data.
- **Database Growth Management**: Another critical feature addressed is monitoring table sizes and growth, which aids in schema management and proactive maintenance.
- **Configuration Insights**: The Explain section provides valuable insights into the database setup, helping users fine-tune configurations for improved performance.

In conclusion, Pratvrirash emphasizes the importance of timely database monitoring and management to prevent performance degradation, advocating for the adoption of PG Hero as a straightforward and effective tool for developers managing Postgres instances.

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