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In this presentation from RubyKaigi 2023, Benoit Daloze discusses 'splitting,' a crucial optimization technique for Ruby blocks. The talk explores the origins of splitting, tracing it back to the Self programming language, which influenced many dynamic languages, including Ruby. Daloze outlines several key points:

- **Background**: Daloze has experience in Ruby since 2014, serving as a committer for TruffleRuby, a high-performance Ruby implementation that works with GraalVM's Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation, enhancing compatibility with CRuby 3.1.

- **Concept of Splitting**: The concept of splitting, introduced in a 1989 paper by Chambers and Ungar, enables the creation of multiple method copies optimized for different call sites, thus enhancing execution speed while managing complexity.

- **Example from Self**: An example illustrates how to sum numbers using the step method and highlights the need for optimizations to handle various numeric types efficiently. This is particularly important for inlining method calls to improve performance.

- **Inline Caches**: Daloze explains how inline caches help dynamic languages optimize method calls by associating method types with calls, enabling more efficient execution routes.

- **Performance Improvements**: The presentation showcases how splitting can lead to significant performance enhancements, with TruffleRuby's JIT compilation yielding benchmarks showing it can run Ruby code over 115 times faster than CRuby, especially for library methods.

- **Practical Implications**: The results indicate that with proper optimization strategies, Ruby can approach performance levels of statically typed languages, reinforcing the importance of splitting as a strategic optimization tool for Ruby applications.

In conclusion, Daloze emphasizes that the integration of state-of-the-art optimizations through splitting is essential for advancing Ruby's performance in the future. He invites further discussions on these innovations while thanking the audience for their engagement.

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